LEARNING COMPLEXITY
Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS)
- multiple interacting agents
- aggregate behavior over and above behavior components
- non-linear interaction among agents (aggregate behavior ? sum of behaviors of constituent parts)
- agents both numerous and diverse
- capable of self-reorganization (diversity recognized by system)
- system evolves due to self-reorganization (perpetually novel aggregate behavior [growth] rather than settling for steady state)
- behavior of agents based on internal models of anticipation
- Source: Holland, J. H. (1995). Can there be a unified theory of complex adaptive systems? In H. J. Morowitz & J. L. Singer (Eds), The mind, the brain, and complex adaptive systems. Proceedings Volume XXII, Santa Fe Institute, Studies in the Sciences of Complexity. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company